Violent Tranquility

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I took this picture at the burial site of John and Jacqueline Kennedy looking up the hill toward the Robert E. Lee mansion (Arlington House) at Arlington National Cemetery.

I regret never having been to Arlington until this trip. It’s a moving experience. Last weekend we were fortunate to have a beautiful fall day with relatively small crowds. For two weeks leading up to the visit we were exposed to a crash course in American history, visited the homes of Washington, Jefferson, Madison and Monroe, toured the battlefields of Antietam and Gettysburg, and stood at the Lincoln, Jefferson, FDR, MLK, and Vietnam memorial sites. It was only fitting that Arlington be the capstone to our American history tour.

There is something both alluring and magnetic about cemeteries. Freshly mowed neatly trimmed lawns. Flower borders. Shade trees. Headstones, crosses, and flat gravestones aligned in eye-pleasing rows. None is more alluring or magnetic than the National Cemetery.

Wordsworth’s definition of poetry might as easily apply to the landscape at Arlington; He said poetry is the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings,” that it takes its origin from “emotion recollected in tranquility.” At Arlington, America’s fallen lie in tranquility, the violence and emotion of their deaths neatly buried, like their bodies, beneath the manicured carpet of grass that rises and falls on the ridges and swales of this serene landscape.

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Today, I’m thinking of America’s war dead, recent and not so recent – more than 400,000 of them buried within the 624 acres that lie on this hill above the Potomac. Within its boundaries are presidents (JFK and Taft), generals (Pershing and Marshall), servicemen and women from every war in US history, the Tomb of the Unknowns (above) dedicated to those who remain unidentified, as well as 4000 emancipated, freed and fugitive slaves. It is truly America’s graveyard.

No visit to Washington is ever complete, for me, without a stop at the Vietnam Memorial. It’s personal as well as symbolic. The Vietnam War is the most significant geo-political event of my generation’s lifetime. 58,000 Americans died there between 1964 and the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975. When I visit I go immediately to Panel 30E, Row 83 where the name of Lewis Herbert Abrams is inscribed in the black granite.

Lew was my F11F instructor at NAS Beeville, Texas. He was a Yale English graduate before joining the Marine Corps. At the final stage of advanced training, he taught me air-to-air tactics, gunnery, and flew my wing as I broke the sound barrier for the first time. I also remember him quoting a William Carlos Williams poem during a preflight briefing. He was not your average Marine Corps fighter pilot.

I can’t say I knew him well, but as a fellow English major/Marine fighter pilot I felt a kinship. Col. Lewis Herbert Abrams died in an A6 Intruder over North Vietnam on November 25, 1967. I knew others whose names are on the Wall, but it’s Lew’s name I always visit, touch, and think about.

Semper Fi.

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Art on the National Mall

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It’s been more than 50 years since I first visited the National Gallery. At that time there was no dedicated space for modern art and what we think of as modern was mostly absent from its collection. There was no abstract expressionism, no color field painting, no installation environments, no minimalist art, and the printmaking renaissance of Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg was still in the future. Fresh out of college, my own taste ran to French Impressionism and Picasso’s blue, rose, and cubist periods.

The one “modern” painting I found memorable on that visit was Salvador Dali’s The Sacrament of the Last Supper. At the time it seemed shocking.

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I wasn’t a sophisticated art viewer but I was awestruck. The painting dominated the room and obviously made a lasting impression. It still hangs there, in the main NGA building, and I’m still impressed with the draftsmanship and spatial organization, but now it seems almost classical and appreciably less shocking than on that first visit.

Today there is an additional NGA building, the East Wing, devoted entirely to modern art, but the Dali remains in the old NGA. Why isn’t it in the modern wing? The Dali painting is a prime example of surrealism and while Picasso and other 20th century innovators were moved to the new space Dali was not. The reason, according to TripAdvisor, is that an unnamed curator didn’t like the painting but wasn’t allowed to take it down. Instead, he located it in the “elevator room” of the main building near the cafeteria – a fun fact and minor example of how politics and intrigue also play in the art world.

The modern East Wing, designed by I.M. Pei, was finished in 1978, almost 20 years after my first visit. The design incorporated his signature glass pyramids outside (think the Louvre but smaller) and a ceiling of intersecting glass triangles that flooded the interior atrium with natural light. Two weeks ago on September 30th, after an expensive three year long renovation, the “new” East Wing reopened just in time for our arrival in Washington. The renovation maintains the building’s original footprint while reimagining and reconfiguring the space in order to display more work (from 350 to 500 permanent collection works), bring in more light, and create additional special exhibition spaces. The $69 million fixer-upper seems perfectly suited to its purpose – to display all manner of modern and contemporary art from the cubism of Braque and Picasso to the realism of Hopper and Bellows and further on to the monster blue fiberglass chicken that dominates the new sculpture terrace.

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Today, upon entering the old NGA, one is directed to descend to an underground passageway where a thoroughly modern moving sidewalk transports the visitor, almost in a time travel way, to the East Building. There, in a thoroughly modern space visitors can feast on large rooms full of  Rothko’s, Newman’s, Pollacks, Motherwell’s, and Frankenthaler’s, mobiles by Calder and sculptures by Giacometti, and adjoining the East Wing is an outdoor sculpture garden with large installations by Oldenburg and Richard Serra.

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Tired metaphor or not  – it’s hard not to feel like you’re drinking from a fire hose when visiting the National Mall. The opportunities are overwhelming, and it’s always difficult to prioritize the attractions. There are so many – monuments, museums, gardens, memorials, reflecting pools and vistas. This time we had a week, much better than the 2 or 3 days of previous visits, but still a challenge. Art was at the top of our list and we had the historic National Gallery, the new East Building, the Hirschhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, the Smithsonian Museum of American History, and the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery to choose from. We managed to cover most of them but spent the better part of two days in the newly opened East Wing.

It was an extraordinary visit. The weather was Seattle-like but we were inside much of the time. DC couldn’t have been better. We booked an Airbnb apartment in NW Washington and made friends with the engaging host couple – Curtis, a police detective, and his attorney wife, Tracy. We ate well and walked it off. We had dinner with Ed and Bonnie Moon who came into town from the Maryland suburbs. We didn’t see everything, but it’s always good to leave a little on your plate. At the end of the trip, after visiting Monticello, Mt. Vernon and some Civil War battlefields we returned to Washington to spend a day at Arlington National Cemetery.  More about that in a future post.

For this one, I’ll leave you with a photo of Gunnery Sergeant Lawrence L. Meyers (USMC retired). Gunny Meyers is part of the protective detail in the East Wing. The two of us bonded when I remarked on his Marine Corps lapel pin. It turns out we were both part of the 3rd Marine Air Wing at El Toro, California. Now Gunny Meyers is protecting our nation’s art treasures. Oorah!!!

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Semper Fi, Gunny

Escaping the Holocaust…

In 1970 we were young Mill Valley exiles racketing around Europe in our new fire-engine red Volkswagen camper. One summer afternoon we stopped for lunch at the bar/café in Stockholm’s Royal Swedish Opera House where, for some unknown reason, we had trouble ordering two glasses of wine. A young man seated near us offered to help clear up the confusion and then laughingly told us not to feel bad about it, because the waiter was from somewhere in the Balkans and didn’t speak either passable Swedish or English. In this odd way – because we were foreigners – we met an extraordinary man.

etienne-glaserHis name is Etienne Glaser. We talked during lunch that day and he invited us to meet him later at his apartment. He wanted to help us plan our Swedish itinerary, to make it special for us. It turns out that Etienne, then in his early 30’s, was already a famous director at the Opera as well as a film actor and director of note. Later that day he told us his story. It went like this…

In 1940 the Germans invaded Denmark despite the Danes declared neutrality and a recently signed non-aggression treaty. They decided to allow the Danish government to stay in power and cite it as “a model protectorate.” As a consequence, there was an uneasy peace for almost three years and no attempt was made to aggressively enforce the anti-Jewish policies of the Third Reich. All that changed in August of 1943 as Danish Resistance activities grew in number and amplitude.

At the time there were approximately 8000 Danish Jews. Etienne was one of them, a six year old child of Jewish parents. As I recall his parents were also artists, but that isn’t the important part of the story. The important fact is that they were Jewish and in 1943 they needed to find a safer place. In spite of the Danish king’s defiant support of the Jews (he and his countrymen proudly wore the yellow star and armband required of all Jews) the Germans were beginning to systematically address “the Jewish problem”  – rounding up and transporting them to concentration camps in Poland.

The Danish Resistance agreed to help the Glaser family escape and a plan was set in motion. On the night of October 5, 1943 Etienne, his parents and older brother boarded a small fishing boat in Gilleleje north of Helsingor to take them across the 10-mile passage to the Swedish mainland. Everything was set but there was a hitch. Etienne’s infant brother had to be left behind. They were afraid the infant would make a sound, alert the Germans, and endanger the entire operation. The Resistance leader took the infant and told them to get aboard the small vessel – like the one pictured. He assured them that he would care for the child and arrange to reunite them later. Sometime later, dosed with sleeping pills, the infant was transported to Sweden where Etienne’s father picked him up and he was reunited with the family.

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Two weeks ago I recalled Etienne’s story as I stood in front of this exhibit honoring the Danish Resistance at the Holocaust Museum in Washington DC. We spent most of a day at the museum. It is comprehensive, exhausting and emotionally upsetting. How could this have happened? How could any group of humans be so inhumane? The exhibits started on the top floor and as we descended we were led through the history and horrors of “the final solution.” I have a close friend whose parents were Holocaust survivors and I’ve been through Berlin’s Jewish Museum and Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, but this was something more. There are a few good stories like Etienne’s but the overall impression is dark and devastatingly sad. Knowing his story somehow drew me in and made it more personal and relatable.

I do believe in a certain kind of fate – or fateful serendipity – and this past weekend, the week we returned from our time in DC, a film that cleared our serendipity threshold opened in theaters. Denial tells the true story of David Irving an English historian and famous Holocaust denier who brought a libel suit against American historian Deborah Lipstadt and Penguin Books to prove his assertion that there was no “final solution” and that there were no gas chambers at Auschwitz.

Timing, as they say, is everything and, having just been to the Holocaust Memorial, M and I sat mesmerized as we watched the movie version of the Irving trial play out in the theater. In the film, as in the real life trial, Irving’s reputation as a historian is ultimately discredited when Justice Charles Gray’s declares “Irving has for his own ideological reasons persistently and deliberately misrepresented and manipulated historical evidence; that for the same reasons he has portrayed Hitler in an unwarrantedly favourable light, principally in relation to his attitude towards and responsibility for the treatment of the Jews; that he is an active Holocaust denier; that he is anti-semitic and racist and that he associates with right wing extremists who promote neo-Nazism.” Lipstadt and her legal team were victorious.

We think we know that good evidence always supports historical truth but there are those who continue to deny not only the Holocaust but also global warming, evolution, and other scientifically supported truths. If you haven’t seen it, Denial is an unsettling, suspenseful way to spend an evening and may make you less confident about how to defend the truth of your beliefs. It’s a good one.

So what happened to Etienne Glaser? I’ve lost track of him. but I know he is still acting and directing.I’ve tried to reconnect with him through the web but I haven’t been able to find contact information for him. He was very generous to us. He introduced us to people in the far north of Sweden who invited us to lunch and to one of the curators of the Moderne Museet (Modern Art Museum) in Stockholm who introduced us to a famous American artist who also became a friend. I’d like to thank him again for his generosity and the connections he helped us make.

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This is the Holocaust Memorial’s Hall of Remembrance

Renew Our Faith in America… revisited

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There is a widely held belief that the racism, xenophobia and violence of this election cycle is an aberration and that reasoned debate has been the default mode of American presidential politics since the republic was founded. In his review of Alan Taylor’s American Revolutions: A Continental History 1750 – 1804 (London Review of Books) Eric Foner points out that this belief, like many others about our country’s origins, is dead wrong.

Long before there were Trumpians and Clintonians there were Federalists and Jeffersonian-Republicans. The American Revolution was, after all, a revolution. There were British Loyalists ready to die for the Crown and  separatists focused on independence willing to do the same. There were slavers and abolitionists, isolationists and royalists, those who wanted a strong central government and those who saw tyranny in that prospect, and, once the formation was complete violent disagreements continued. Remember Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr?

In 2015, long before the current vitriolic election cycle, M and I planned a visit to the other Washington to see what was new on the Mall and visit some historical sites. This month we took two and a half weeks to do it and named it the Renew Our Faith in America tour. The timing was serendipitous but given the current political free-for-all it was the perfect time for a democratic refresher. The jury is in and our faith renewed and in the process it gave us renewed perspective on the foundations of our democracy as well as some of the current issues.

On the road we got reacquainted with American history and found it both inspiring and tragic. The costs have been enormous and so have its successes. Our travels took us to George Washington’s Mt. Vernon, Jefferson’s Monticello, Madison’s Montpelier, Monroe’s Ash-Lawn Highland and the Civil War battlefields of Antietam and Gettysburg (with our friend and guide, Dr. David Boyd). It was like drinking from the proverbial fire hose.

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We were reminded that the Founding Fathers were thoughtful, philosophical, creative and practical – but also flawed human beings. Four of the first five presidents – Washington, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe were Virginians, all of them slave owners. All are on record as questioning the morality of slavery, but Washington is the only one of the four who freed his slaves (in his will).

If we wonder about racism in America all we need to do is remind ourselves that the nation was founded on a slave-supported economy. We have made enormous strides in establishing equality but it may be that we will never completely overcome our history of slavery. All of the estates we visited acknowledge that the owners were slave holders and all of them have gone to lengths to incorporate the history of the enslaved in their materials, but as tempting as it is to believe that these Founders were kind and considerate to their “human property,” all we need to do is see where and how they lived on these estates to understand that they were not. This morning, on BBC Radio a commentator mentioned that when a black man commits a crime it reflects on the whole race while a crime committed by a white person does not. This is obviously unacceptable.

Still, despite their human flaws, the lives and homes of the Founders are impressive, none more so than Jefferson’s at Monticello. On the other hand, we remember that Jefferson the architect, scientist, surveyor, farmer, politician, writer, diplomat, Vice-President and President of the United States died deeply in debt and his heirs had to sell off the property to pay the debt. For decades after his death the estate was unoccupied and deteriorating. It was only through the generosity of a deeply patriotic and philanthropic Jewish family (see the fascinating book Saving Monticello by Marc Leepson for the whole story of the Levy family’s epic quest to rescue the house) that Monticello was saved, restored, and donated to become what is now the only private home in the US designated a UNESCO World Heritage site.

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As this 2016 election approaches I think of the Founding Fathers, of their love for the new country and their devotion to the principles of the Enlightenment that underlie its founding documents. I am reminded that these men were entirely human but not venal, narcissistic, or vindictive, that America, for them, was a grand new experiment in democratic government. “We the People…”  I think America can survive this painful election campaign. I believe it is capable of moving forward toward “a more perfect union,” in spite of the flaws of the two candidates currently striving to be its next President. The Founding Fathers planned and envisioned a political unit that was greater than any one individual leader and one that would evolve for the greater good of all its citizens. In that sense the Renew Our Faith in America Tour was a success, and though racism, anti-Semitism, xenophobia, and violence continue to be elements of the culture I was inspired to see how the building blocks were put together to honor the will of the people and mitigate against tyrannical rule.

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Martin Luther King Memorial on the National Mall

Sweet Life and the Lure of Oregon’s Back Roads

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Are we back in Paris? No. The Sweet Life Patisserie is just one of the many Oregon surprises we discovered on our back roads drive to San Francisco. This local treasure is tucked away in a quiet neighborhood (775 Monroe Street) in Eugene. It’s very American but the pastries and coffee are good as those in any patisserie we discovered in Paris. It’s always crowded, so you’ll likely change your mind more than once as you peer into the display case waiting your turn and feasting your eyes.

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Eugene and its little sister, Cottage Grove, have other surprises for a road warrior with time to explore. Marilynn and I put our bikes on the car and took a week to drive the back roads of Oregon and California to the Bay Area. On our way we spent two nights in Eugene, home of the University of Oregon, where we rode on well-maintained trails along the Willamette River and through adjacent wetlands.

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Then, on the way home, we spent a couple of nights in Cottage Grove (13mi south of Eugene), where we visited some local wineries and rode the 31-mile-long Rails-to-Trails bike path that leads from the center of town to Dorena Lake in the nearby hills. Along the way we passed several well preserved covered bridges dating from the early 20th Century. No Meryl Streep or Clint Eastwood, just covered bridges in a beautiful rural setting.

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We live on our own Rails-to-Trails bike path in Seattle, and we were surprised to note that even on the weekend we had the Cottage Grove trail almost to ourselves. Admittedly, we were out early (8 – 11 a.m.) as Oregon was experiencing a torrid heatwave (Roseburg, 52 miles to the south was 106F the day before our arrival), but in spite of that we were cool and comfortable as we passed through long stretches of Hansel and Gretel-like forest and rode beside Dorena Lake.

Western Oregon is full of surprises… and scaled for our pleasure. Eugene is a college town but the University there is small compared to our University of Washington. There are small liberal arts colleges in towns you’ve never heard of. Portland, its largest city, is cosmopolitan but manageable in size, with an idyllic Japanese Garden, a trendy renewed shopping district (The Pearl), one of America best bookstores (Powell’s), a good Jewish deli (Kenny and Zuke’s) world class Thai food (Pok Pok) and the best ice cream on the West Coast (Salt and Straw). Further south, in the wine country around McMinnville you can sample some of the best Pinot Noir in the world, or visit Ashland’s world famous Oregon Shakespeare Festival where they showcase 11 plays on 3 stages during the February to November season.

Sometimes, it seems, we overlook the attractions close to home or the pleasures of a leisurely road trip. For years Marilynn and I jumped on airplanes and flew across oceans for our travel adventures. Four years ago after we returning from 3 years in Vietnam, we drove the back roads of Idaho and Montana to refresh our recollections of the American West. This summer we added Oregon and California, and while these road trips lack the foreignness of Paris and Rome, they reveal the landscapes and vistas that are uniquely American.

Following our last morning ride in Cottage Grove we made a swing through Eugene for one last petit dejeuner and to say goodbye to the folks at Sweet Life.  This is Jessica, one of the managers. She’s got a great smile, lots of ink, and makes one of the best lattes I’ve ever had (3 shots in a 16oz cup).

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The next time we’re in the Eugene area, Sweet Life Patisserie will be our first stop.

Sweet Life Patisserie – 755 Monroe Street, Eugene, Oregon 97402. Telephone: 541-683-5676. www.sweetlifedesserts.com, Facebook.com/sweetlifepatisserie.